A Mechanical Drive for the Space Elevator, the "Reel to Reel Drive"

Part 1: A primitive, possible, but not very advisable method
Part 2: Pulling up with many ropes running over many reels

Abbreviations:

CNT = Carbon nanotubes
s= tensile strength in Newton per square meter (= Pa = Pascal)

CSA = cross-sectional area
1 GPa = 1 billion Pa = 1000 000 000 Pa
1kN = 1000 Newton

GEO = geo synchronous orbit
?= density in kg per cubic meter

L = breaking length (L = s:?)
?= specific weight in Newton per cubic meter (? = ?g)

Taper ratio = maximum CSA divided by minimum CSA (at ground)

Part1:

Would it be possible to lift the cabins ("climbers") of the space elevator like in any other elevator hanging them on a cable which is wound up by a motor? You would need (in addition to the cable, that is fastened to the ground, the "guiding cable") a second cable of the same dimensions, that has to carry its own weight too and hoist up the payload. Up in the end-station it is wound up on a giant winch. The counterweight must be moved accordingly. For a payload of 10t you have to hoist up about 100t CNT (carbon nanotube) cable.

Its weight is much less (with a taper ratio of 1:4 it is 40t) and decreases on the way up because the gravity decreases. The volume of the hoist cable would be 130 cubic meters, therefore a spool of about 6m diameter would do. Acceleration and speed on the way up can be as high as the winch can manage. The energy for hoisting up could come from solar panels (the GEO Station has full solar power nearly all the time) and must be stored by an appropriate method (electrolytic hydrogen and fuel cells, flywheel, etc.).

You can't let the hoist cable at the top run over a pulley like in usual elevators, going down on the other side, because the cable is tapered, and on the other side the thick part would hang under the thin part and it would be torn by its weight.

To bring the cabin back to earth from top-station let gravity do its turn, you just have to brake in time and you can even win energy back by using the motor as a generator. Only at the start you have to use an external force (maybe a tug climber running on the guiding cable), because the weight is only 2% and even this little bit is neutralized by the centrifugal force.

The disadvantages of this construction are a) the need for 2 of these very expensive cables, one of them flexible enough to be wound up on a spool and b) a very low transport capacity: Just one cabin can go up and then down at the time. But the travel time can be shortened with a powerful motor. If you start upwards with comfortable 0.5g acceleration, your weight seems to be 150% of normal. To continue with the same subjective load you can increase the acceleration as the gravity decreases till at some point you have to switch to deceleration. Your seat should swing 180° around, as the gross force now shows upwards. The deceleration can be as much more than 1.5g as your remaining weight and declines to 1.5g at the top station (in or near GEO). The travel time from ground to top would then be about 1 hour.

The travel time downwards depends on the power of the climber tug and over what distance he will haul cabin and hoist cable. The weight of a conductor that brings energy from GEO to the tug is very little up there, but the electric resistance of several 1000km is getting too high. By the way: CNT (carbon nanotubes) is said to be a very good conductor, so the electric current could flow through guiding and hoisting cable to the climber. As soon as the tug leaves, the acceleration will drop to rather low values: about 1%g at 30Mm (1Megameter = 1000km) above ground ("near" GEO-station), 4.4%g at 20Mm, 14%g at 10Mm and at last 1g at 0Mm - a long-time journey.

Part 2:

It would be so much simpler if the hoist rope were endless and could run over rolls/reels/pulleys at top and ground station. But that is impossible because the cable tapers as said before. Cables of constant diameter can be used only if they are shorter than the "breaking length" L, the maximum length of a cable of constant CSA hanging down in 1g gravity without tearing under its own weight. L is the quotient of sand ?. For very good steel with s= 2 GPa and ?= 77 kN per cubic meter (since the density ?is 7.85 gram per cubic centimeter), you get L = 26 km. For carbon nanotubes (CNT) values of sfrom 30 to 120 GPa are given (but due to lattice imperfections and notch effects it's certainly considerably less) and ?is about 13 kN/cubic meter (?= 1.3), hence L is between 2400 and 9600 km. With s= 46 GPa for instance you get L = 3600km. The distance to GEO is 10 times more, so if gravity would be 1g all the way up, the CSA would have to increase by the factor exp10 (e to the 10th power) which is ca. 22 000 and the diameter by the factor 150. Fortunately the gravity decreases strongly, so that a taper ratio from 4:1 to 5:1 will do. The diameter, which has to be some millimeters at ground to carry payloads of some tens of tons will only double on its way to the top.

Back to the untapered cables that can go up and down like a paternoster. Imagine a CNT cable of several mm thickness that can hold its own weight of L = 3600 km length or 20t suspended, or 10t and its weight of 1800 km (or 5t on 2700km or 15t on 9000km etc.) So if there is a motor driven pulley on the ground and another one 1800km higher fixed on the cable of the space elevator and the constant diameter cord running around these pulleys, you could hoist up a 10t payload 1800km high (and simultaneously 10t downwards, which would make it much easier for the motor). In fact you could go even higher, because in 1800 km altitude gravity is already down to 60%. The pulley up there is coupled to another one and from there goes another cord up to the next pulley which can be located several 1000 km higher, because the breaking length up there is much longer (because of the lesser gravity). And so in ever larger steps you get at last to the top station, all the cords and pulleys driven by the motor on the ground.

There are some minor problems, which competent engineers could certainly solve, e.g. how the climbers will change from one cord to the next one. A little more difficult: how to accelerate and decelerate them. Either the cords run with different velocities managed by appropriate gear ratios between the coupled pulleys. Or, if there is only one climber on its way up (and/or one down) all the ropes are accelerated for a while simultaneously and decelerated later.

Steffen Kummerow studied physics at the Universities of Hamburg and Karlsruhe, got his diploma at the Nuclear Research Center of Karlsruhe KFZK and worked in future research and in teaching. He has been a dedicated follower of serious and hard core Science Fiction all his life.

You can find more considerations about the future and the universe on his website http://www.future-universe.com/

http://EzineArticles.com/6480848

How to Find and Benefit From Adult Scholarships

In the past, it was such an uphill task for an adult to go back to school for further studies mainly because no scholarship provider would consider an adult for their programs. Adults are normally stuck completely when it comes to funding their studies in universities because they have countless financial needs. For example, they have to provide the basic necessities of their families, pay bills, maintain their careers and more. It is therefore next to impossible for an adult to fulfill his/her academic dreams not unless he gets financial support from other sources. That is why adult scholarships are of utmost significance in any part of the world. However, there has been a huge problem regarding adult academic scholarships because up to now, education agencies haven't realized the need to support adults in their pursuit for under and postgraduate degrees. Up to now, there are very few scholarships for adults. This article will help you with tips on how to find adult scholarship chances.

• Ask your employer to sponsor you
Even if there are very few adult scholarships available, that does not mean that you cannot go on with your studies. There are other avenues you can take to improve on your academic qualifications. The first option that you should consider is the scholarship program that is available from your employer. Most companies have in house scholarships for their employees who wish to further their studies. This could be a good chance that you shouldn't hesitate to grab. Moreover, these kinds of scholarships are only available for courses related to what the company specializes in. Thus, you can exploit such a chance to the best of your ability.

• Check the financial aid programs of your dream school
Many colleges and universities have special financial aid programs for adults who wish to enroll. It would be wise of you to contact their finance department and ask if they have any such programs and who is eligible. If they do not have such scholarships, you should request for their assistance in finding other outside sources for scholarships. It is likely that college finance departments have contacts of many scholarship organizations.

• Check From The Professional Organizations
As a way of winning trust from the community, many professional organizations have come up with scholarship programs that are designed to help the less fortunate members of the society. Some also provide such programs to adults especially women as a step towards capacity building. These are possible sources of scholarships that you should never fail to contact. Also, you should contact other adult students and ask them about the available scholarships for adults that they know of. Above all, research on the internet about any scholarships that you can benefit from. There are many websites with information about scholarships that can guide you in your search. The reality is that not many adult scholarships are advertised in the media and therefore you need to intensify your search to find them.

There is nothing wrong in going back to school when you are already fifty or sixty; in fact, it is the best thing you can do to acquaint yourself with the modern skills and techniques in your field and adult Scholarships are available to help you. Therefore, you need to look for the available adult Scholarships so that no much time is wasted.

http://EzineArticles.com/6506101

How to Write Effective Scholarship Essays

There are hundreds of thousands of scholarship opportunities available to students. Many students are deterred from applying for these opportunities because they worry about scholarship essays. There are a number of resources and tips that students can use in order to learn how to write effective scholarship essays.

One of the most important tips about writing an essay is to determine your topic. Many application forms require that a student write about a general idea and not a specific topic. Students may have to write about a time they showed leadership strengths or how they overcame a problem when working with a group. These broad topics are often given to allow students to relate to a personal experience in their life. Any student who has not encountered a situation that is similar to the topic should state what they would do in that situation. A writer should never lie about a situation. It is better to state that you have not yet been involved in that type of situation.

Another important tip about how to write effective scholarship essays is to have your essays reviewed by a teacher. Students should always spell check and proofread their own work. However, a teacher can often find errors that many students may over look. Students should also consider having their work reviewed by more than one teacher. The more individuals who review your essay, the better chance for constructive feedback as well as catching spelling/grammar errors.

A third tip on how to write effective scholarship essays is to take your time. Students who try to write a scholarship essays in one day often do not have the best essay. Many essays can take weeks or months to properly develop as well as craft. Students should start their essay early to ensure that they have the proper amount of time to think about the topic as well as write their thoughts. Students also should ensure that they complete the rest of their scholarship essay ahead of time. Many students complete their essay only to forget to complete the rest of their application. Ensure that you submit all portions of the paperwork in order to be considered for the scholarship.

Finding out how to write effective scholarship essays does not happen overnight. Students often need to write several essays before they will master the craft. Students should not hesitate to ask for help or guidance from teachers or their parents. Many times, these individuals will have input that can help a good essay become a great essay!

Angry that the cost of education is rising by thousands of dollars a year? Tired of finding it difficult to locate the best scholarships? Want to be able to find scholarships easily and save thousands of dollars? Visit College Source 101.

http://EzineArticles.com/6504566

Gain Higher Returns by Learning Computers

Education empowers human being in many ways. It helps one to gain wisdom, knowledge and power to stay high in the society. Today, there are many educational organizations which are engaged in offering good education to students. These institutions offer courses in different sections such as business administration, pharmacy, tourism and much more. Yet one among the most revolutionary subject is computer science.

The field of computers is very vast and has sections such as hardware, software, software development and much more. You can just explore any area of computers you wish to. At present, there are a number of certified Computer Hardware and Networking Institutes which are offering well designed computer courses. Are you searching for a similar institution where you can enroll? In order to get better course along with good placement, you can go online. On the Internet platform, you can gather information on many education organizations.

Most of the Computer Hardware and Networking Institutes are highly rich in their course structure and offer value added computer education to students. You can take courses like hardware networks engineering, Network Administration, System Engineering, BTS I&C and much more. In addition, you can even come across institutions which offer Corporate Training Programs and much more. With such programs, it will be easier to venture into the bigger organization and you can learn to be good at your personality too. It helps a normal person to get better on the professional front as you learn the basic communication skills, telephone etiquette's, presentation skills, business writing and much more.

When you join these courses, you are inspired to improve yourself and become smart at work. It is dream of every human being to become well known and earn lots of money. When you join these organizations, there are high probabilities to get a well paid job right in firms you were aspiring. It is worth getting into the Computer Hardware and Networking Institutes you get to learn computers in detail and further, go ahead with learning. The more learned you are, the more are chances that you implement well.

So, you need to do just one thing. Go online and find out the best Computer Hardware And Networking Institute. Do you wish to be a complete computer person, an engineer, a perfectionist in networking or want to excel in communications? There can nothing better than joining hands with Computer Hardware and Networking Institute. Get to the core of computers today!

Aaral Sharma has a 6 long years of career proficiency of working as an instructor. Throughout the years, Ms. Sharma has been instructing about programs in Telecommunication and Customized Training Solutions related issues and has written some of the most searched articles on Placement and Corporate Resource Cell, Technical and Soft Skill Training.

http://EzineArticles.com/6472631

Medical Grants - Helping Students Meet Medical School Costs

Medical school is one of the most expensive propositions regardless of how one looks at it. This is largely attributed to the long training duration, clinical study and the intensiveness associated with the career. Whenever students seek financial help, they end up owing close to 100k and more in loans. As such, by the time students are through with training, they are deep to their neck in debts. This does not have to be the case however since medical grants are specifically designed for students in dire need for financial help.

How they are disbursed
There are no complexities when it comes to these grants. This is because certain university and college departments are given these funds. The government is largely known to make this provision. While this is the case, it is ideal to note that in other instances, most colleges and schools have offices within their facility that deal with these. Such offices are known to run proposals and they are also responsible for overseeing to the materials which are founded from outside the institutions.

Getting Financial Help
If you want to enjoy the benefits of these grants, you have to make the effort of looking for them. This is mainly because they cannot come to you. There are a couple of things worth noting as you search for these. Some of these are as highlighted below.

• For starters, in order to get this financial help, you must be at least 18 years of age and a citizen. If you are a medical student, you are also eligible to enjoy this benefit. By knowing and understanding your eligibility level, you make the entire process a triple easier.
• There different types of medical grants offered and for this reason, you need to carry out thorough research and find one that perfectly meets your needs. Ensure you focus your attention on applying for one that fits your needs and requirements.
• Note that these can be availed through different sources such as the government and private organizations among others.
• Find out if there are any forms that need to be filled and make sure you do this within the agreed timeframe. This is one of the surest ways of ensuring you meet this end and while at it, it is important to provide information that is accurate to the last detail.

Undergraduate students often receive Pell grant or FSEOG (Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity. This is the same as any other level of college education. The amount received aids in catering for books, tuition, medical supplies and equipment costs. For any student to apply for this type of grant, they must fill FAFSA form and ensure it gets submitted. Note that this form is available online and this is what makes the entire process easy. Any other medical grants offered to students above the undergraduate stage is either research grant or some type of fellowship. These could also be from foundations which help with continued education.

There are various types of medical grants available to students and in order to enjoy utmost benefits, it is advisable to find medical grants that perfectly meet your individual needs.

http://EzineArticles.com/6506128

Learning The Importance Of Customer Focus In The Business World

The really neat thing about Into to Business is that the course encompasses a multitude of business-related subjects. That is because the professor would like for the student to explore the most essential elements of business foundation. These various components are essential because they can either make or break a business. One of the core subjects that might be taught in the class is customer focus.

Students taking the course may learn that in the free enterprise system, the customer is king. Those who cater to customer needs usually have a successful business. Those who do not can fail. Consequently, customer focus is key to maintaining success and growing a business. The following customer focus strategies may be reviewed in your Intro to Business course. They can help a future business owner devise a strategy plan for his or her business.

Keep in touch with the needs of the customer. The best way to do this is by asking. Find ways to touch base with a broad spectrum of customers to get a balanced view. This can be done by conducting prior and post purchase surveys. Be ready for the good news and the bad news. Vocal customers will usually complain more than compliment. Listen and respond to legitimate criticisms.

Put yourself in the customer's shoes. It is a good idea to look at things from the customer's point of view. Think about what you would expect if you were your own customer. What price would you be willing to pay for quality service or a product? What would be the top things you would complain about? As a customer, would you expect a call back when promised? These are the questions that the business owner should be able to answer in a positive way in relation to his or her company.

Make a point to design and arrange whatever you do from the viewpoint of your customer first. A big mistake would be to design and arrange what you do from your viewpoint. Remember, you are not the customer, so everything should be designed with the customer's needs in mind. Follow this rule, and the business will have a good chance to thrive.

Think of yourself as a satisfied customer. Write down all of the satisfactory things that have happened to you as a customer - good value, prompt service, courtesy, and follow-up phone calls. Compare them to our own business. Are your customers experiencing this same satisfaction? Rate successful customer transactions and then use them as a model for all to follow.

Play detective. Check out the work flow and processes at high customer venues, like airports, restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, and government services. Observe customer service process and determine if they can be duplicated at your place of business.

These are but a few customer service remedies that may be reviewed in business college courses. As you can see, it is a valuable topic for those entering into the business world as a company owner or high level manager. Before enrolling in the class, try to get a copy of the course syllabus to see if customer focus is one of the topics covered. All big universities usually have more than one instructor who teaches the intro class.

http://EzineArticles.com/6501146

Establishing the Importance of Education

Education is just one of the priceless possessions one can have. However, as the world age and the technologies advance, this value slowly depreciates. Today, people say that education is no longer important so long as you have the skills, you know how to use it, and you know how to improve it. The importance of education is redefined and disregarded. People should think again before deciding to go with the flow of this spoiled modernization.

That is a challenge to those who have totally shut their understanding to the importance of education. Now, let us discuss and re-establish the importance of education.

Education is a National Treasure. The future of a country, its growth and development, and its successful relationship with other countries, relies on the minds of its future.

• Now, imagine an uneducated leader ruling one, or the people of its administration. How can they carry on a country's heritage, or even govern the country? Can we say then, as long as you have the skill to govern and know how to use and improve it, you can effectively become a president? You don't learn the ethics, principles, governance, politics, etc., by just reading resources from the internet; education is the only way to realize a potential leader.

• What about the Nation's economy? Can you simply count 1 to 10 and boost it? You will need to learn problem solving to make a progress.

• How can you turn unemployment into more job opportunities for people? You will need to develop businessmen, economists, industry leaders, and innovators to overcome unemployment, and much more, poverty.

• How can a Nation realize peace, justice, and equality? If there is no rule, no law, no ordinance, then imagine complete chaos and total disaster. You can't just impose a rule or a law on someone and make him follow.

• How can a Nation protect its resources and environment? Imagine a derelict jungle, that's a nation without leaders to protect its resources and environment. Survival of the fittest does not work in real human life, everything and everyone needs to be regulated.

• How about discovering a cure for cancer? Can we say that it flows naturally from within and you can simply create one in the kitchen? Or to discover a disease and its cure can be easily diagnosed by just looking at a person who's been affected? Again, you don't learn that aside from being educated.

Education is an investment. This is a regularly unrecognized fact about the importance of education.

• You build and secure your own future through education.

• A person who gets the privilege of an education is free to choose his career and professional path. Where do uneducated ones go? They scavenge job listings, compete with a more suitable applicant, go find other jobs, compete again, so on and so forth. They do not have much option but accept whatever is available.

• A stable job. A person who invests in education will be secured to land a stable job. Companies and firms prefer people who are knowledgeable rather than those who just completely rely in instincts.

• Financial security. Stable job means stable income, opportunities of pay raise, and retirement pay.

With those importance of education discussed and stated above, who will dare to say skills are just enough?

Jana Reese is a blogger and educator for 10 years and have written hundreds of both on and offline articles based on her experience. She has dedicated a lot of time and effort to promote the importance of education. She highly recommends Education Acceleration to people who wish to learn more tips and tricks on how to get a degree easier and faster.

http://EzineArticles.com/6498552

Special Education Language - 10 Acronyms You Should Know

The Special Education system in Ontario has a language of its own. If you are the parent of a child who has been recently identified as exceptional by the school board, you can get lost in the language during your first school meetings. There are many acronyms that are used by school administrators and school staff and most often they don't think about the fact that parents may not understand their "language". So it's up to the parents to become knowledgeable about the language of special education. In this article, I am going to explain the meanings of ten of the most important acronyms in special education.

IEP - Individual Education Plan.

The IEP is a document that lists the strengths and needs, and the programs, services, accommodations and supports that are required by a particular student. It lists the annual goals in each alternative or modified subject area, as well as the learning expectations for each term, which are determined by the student's strengths and needs. A student does not have to be formally identified as an exceptional student to receive an IEP. But if the student is formally identified by an IPRC, it is a requirement of the Regulation 181/98 of the Education Act that they receive an IEP.

IPRC - Identification, Placement and Review Committee.

The IPRC is composed of at least three persons, one of whom must be a principal or supervisory officer of the school board. At annual meetings, where the parents are invited to attend, the committee decides whether or not the student should be identified as exceptional and if so, which category of exceptionality. They also decide on an appropriate placement for the student. The parents can either agree to the decisions, or appeal the decisions.

OEN - Ontario Education Number

Parents will notice the OEN on school documents such as the report card. A unique OEN is assigned to every student across the province by the Ministry of Education. The same number will follow the student through his or her elementary and secondary education and will be indicated on all of his or her school records.

OSR - Ontario Student Record

The OSR is a record of a student's educational progress through school. The contents are to be used by school staff for the purpose of "improvement of instruction" of the student, according to the Education Act. Parents are to be told about the purpose of the OSR and its contents. They must be allowed to have access to all of the information contained in the OSR.

EQAO - Education Quality and Accountability Office

EQAO is an arm's-length agency that provides information about student achievement in Ontario, based on periodic assessments. This is basically to see how the teachers, the school boards, and the educational system in general are performing. When students are in grade 3 and again in grade 6 they are required to take reading, writing, and math tests administered by the EQAO. They are also required to take a math test in grade 9. However, the principal is authorized to exempt students from taking any or all of the tests if they are unable to participate for reasons such as a developmental disability.

SERT- Special Education Resource Teacher

There is usually one in every school. As the name implies this teacher is a resource for regular classroom teachers. He or she consults with classroom teachers regarding students who have IEPs and are placed in the regular class. In fact the SERT is usually the lead person in charge of developing the IEP for these students. Sometimes small groups of students are withdrawn from the regular class to a resource room for more intensive instruction in math and language. This class is run by the SERT.

EA - Educational Assistant

EAs are assigned to classrooms, either regular class or small placement, to support students as part of a multidisciplinary team. They also help teachers with non-instructional tasks. In some school boards, EAs may have the same duties as described below for SNAs.

SNA - Special Needs Assistant

The SNA supports students with special educational needs, usually in a special education classroom, under the supervision of a special education teacher. In addition to helping with their learning needs, duties may include assisting with the students' safety and physical needs, including hygiene and feeding, as well as assisting with therapy sessions.

ABA - Applied Behaviour Analysis

ABA methods are best known for treating people with autism and other developmental disabilities.ABA methods are based on scientific principles of learning and behaviour to build useful repertoires of behaviour and reduce problematic ones. The undesired behaviour(s) are clearly defined and recorded, and the antecedents and reinforcers of the undesired behaviour(s) are analysed. Individualized programs are developed based on this information. The teacher must collect and analyze the data on an ongoing basis in order to measure the student's progress in each of the program areas. The program must be altered as necessary to maintain or increase a student's success.

TEACCH - Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication related handicapped Children.

Intervention strategies include clear and explicit expectations, physical and visual structure, schedules, work systems and task organization. The goal is to allow children with autism to develop skills so that they can be independent of direct adult prompting.

These ten acronyms are just the tip of the iceberg. Take some time to learn some of the "language" of Special Education and you will be a better advocate for your son or daughter with special needs.

Karen Robinson at AFASE at school http://www.afase.com/ provides special education advocacy training and consulting services to parents and guardians whose children are challenged by autism and other developmental disabilities.

I develop my clients into informed, proactive advocates for their children's educational needs. They are empowered by current, customized information that enables them to articulate their children's needs to school staff and school board administrators in a way that is both assertive and collaborative.

Browse through my website to learn more and sign up to receive free advocacy tips and news. http://www.afase.com/

http://EzineArticles.com/6435394

Minority Grants - How They Work

Many students falling under the minority groups will find a number of minority grants availed to them by different types of organization. These grants are offered to these students to allow them get the financial help they need in order to complete their studies. Unlike scholarships, these grants are not based on the academic merit as well as financial needs, or both; instead, they are based on the underrepresented students in schools across the country.

Types
Students will find two main types of funds to choose from. The first one is the ethnic minority grant that is designed to offer assistance to students as based on their ethnic challenges. These funds are available for students with an African-American background or Hispanics.

The other option is the non ethnic funds offered to students who are challenged in terms of physical barriers or in other ways when it comes to pursuing their education and professional career. There are minority grants that are meant for students who suffer from autism, ADD as well as physical disabilities. Women can take advantage of the women grants that are meant to help them get into different fields and programs that were traditionally meant for men.

Where to find them?
The students can get these funds from a variety of sources, starting with the federal and state government. These two have been proactive for offering them, and students can check out their websites for more information.

The other option is the minority foundations. There are quite a number of them offering these grants as well as scholarships for different groups of students, such as women or members of specific ethnic groups. It is the responsibility of the students to make sure that they are eligible for these funds before applying for them.

It is important to keep in mind that some of these options are very competitive and students need to keep checking out for them so that they take advantage of them and get to handle their finances for academic needs.

FAFSA matters
One of the most important things that students must keep in mind when looking for these funds is the FAFSA- Free application for Federal Student Aid. The student must complete this application, and submit it so that they are considered for the programs. Without this, they will not only miss their deadline but also forfeit their chances to earn thousands of dollars in college cash.

The Federal FAFSA deadline is June of every year, but the state deadlines vary from state to state. It is important that the students fill out the form in completion. They can also ask their financial aid department for assistance when applying for the minority grants. The FAFSA is the tool that will help determine whether the students qualify for the financial aid because these funds are offered as based on the financial needs of the students.

Getting minority grants is easy because there are different types of organizations offering them. However, students need to keep in mind that these minority grants are competitive and they require the FAFSA.

http://EzineArticles.com/6506135

Universal Thinking

"We are the vessels through which the universe has come to recognise itself"-Carl Sagan

Why are we here? What is the purpose of life? Are we alone? They are but a few questions that human intelligence has the audacity to ask, but still in the 21st Century the majority of society doesn't ask, and if they do then it is without any meaningful desire to find out and understand. Has society become too addicted to selfishness and the pursuit of happiness through the universally narrow minded system of capitalism that it has become totally ignorant to the beauty and wonder of our existence and the search for the true meaning of life and living?

We live on a tiny planet in a solar system revolving around one star in a galaxy estimated of having 200-400 billion stars and 50 billion planets in a universe of an estimated 200-400 billion galaxies with hundreds of billions of stars with an unknown and possibly unbelievable amount of planets of which some could support life of all kinds.

If there is intelligent life somewhere out there upon the vast cloud of unknown, who have the intelligence of humans or most likely millions or even billions of years more advanced than us, will their societies be more worried in material prosperity and universal isolation as that of humankind or would they have long overcome mass ignorance and material greed that now their galaxies have become their "EARTH". By educating their societies in a spirit of universal harmony in a process over hundreds and thousands of years that finally they broke free of their planet or galaxy and travelled further afield with a new advanced sophisticated view of life, a view of universal nationalism, nationalism were everything is defined by laws of the universe, a view were respect for life and the importance of life is understood deeply, a view of educating every person from a young age in cosmology and physics through suitable ways, were every person understands the responsibility humankind potentially holds on life in the universe, were societies number one priority is to work in advancing humankind's understanding, searching and travelling of the universe.

In the modern world society is controlled through the means of media, business and politicians whose decades long war on social intellect in order to keep capitalism alive has resulted in the majority of society more interested in the life of a celebrity rather than the true meaning of why the celebrity exists at all.

"In order to make an apple pie from scratch you must first create the universe"-Carl Sagan

A basic question that every human has the intelligence to ask but don't because they have become comfort junkies as in they have become so comfortable with looking well, shopping, partying and so on that they don't bother to ask the big questions the questions we all should be searching for and which governments should be based upon and striving all the time to keep the public aware and dedicated in the search for understanding.

It is only when this desire amongst society to change their view of the world with a spirit of universal harmony instead of an egotistic isolationist view, that society will truly feel mentally and physically free.

AUTHOR. Darren M

http://EzineArticles.com/6497401